A Digital Army: Synergies on the Battlefield and the Development of Cyber-Electromagnetic Activities (CEMA)

Author(s): Stefan Soesanto
Editor(s): Jakob Bund, Kevin Kohler, Benjamin Scharte
Series: CSS Cyberdefense Reports
Publisher(s): Center for Security Studies (CSS), ETH Zürich
Publication Year: 2021

This report focuses on cyber electromagnetic activities (CEMA), which is a doctrinal concept that was introduced by the US Army sometime around 2009/2010 to connect both domains at the hip. The report dives into the origins of CEMA within the US Army by contextualizing geopolitical developments and Army doctrinal changes over time; and explains why and how the US Army and UK MoD adopted CEMA. It then highlights potential CEMA tactics in the field and concludes with final thoughts on whether emulating CEMA is an option that ought to be adopted by other armed forces.

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