Publication

This study evaluates the comparative advantages of public-private partnerships (PPPs) and public-public partnerships (PuPs) in urban water services. Based on a literature review and case studies, the past performance of PPPs and PuPs is reviewed against several criteria. Lessons are then identified regarding the barriers and enablers which determine the success of partnerships, and the kind of support donors could usefully provide. The study concludes that while the main determinant of performance is not public or private management but policy, institutions, finance and regulation, there are notable differences between what PPPs and PuPs can offer.