India's Limited Room for Maneuver: How New Delhi Addresses its Strategic and Critical Vulnerabilities vis-à-vis China and Russia after the Galwan Clash and Russia's Full-Scale Invasion of Ukraine

Author(s): Boas Lieberherr
Editor(s): Niklas Masuhr, Oliver Thränert
Series: CSS Studies
Publisher(s): Center for Security Studies (CSS), ETH Zürich
Publication Year: 2024

India’s strategic and critical vulnerabilities with regards to China and Russia have become starkly exposed. New Delhi’s asymmetric economic relations with Beijing are marked by a trade deficit, and India is significantly dependent on Chinese suppliers for key products, such as electronics, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), and rare-earth minerals. China has also made inroads into critical Indian sectors through foreign direct investment (FDI). In theory, these asymmetries could give China the ability to weaponize its economic influence to gain political leverage.

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