Securing Europe’s Supply of Rare Earths

Author(s): Julian Kamasa
Editor(s): Dominika Kunertova
Series Editor(s): Brian G. Carlson
Series: CSS Policy Perspectives
Volume: 11
Issue: 2
Publisher(s): Center for Security Studies (CSS), ETH Zürich
Publication Year: 2023

The supply chain for rare earths needed for green technologies is dominated by China. To mitigate supply risks, European countries must invest in domestic mining, processing, and recycling capacities as well as international cooperation, instead of deepening existing dependencies on authoritarian countries.

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Plans of a European REEs Supply Chain