Publication

This paper analyses the positions of - and main cleavages between - the leading players that led to the failure of the 22-23 November 2012 EU summit. There are various interpretations of the failure of the November summit, with some observers considering that the pressure during the summit was insufficient to give rise to an agreement while, conversely, others underline that there was too much pressure to allow a common position or compromise to emerge. The paper also highlights the questions that must be solved to enable an agreement on the Multiannual Financial Framework 2014-20 to be reached in the coming months.