States often struggle to develop a military cyber-force, as the time and resources required for an effective capability are much greater than often appreciated, argues Max Smeets in this CSS Policy Perspectives.

The IT Army of Ukraine was stood up in an ad-hoc manner without a clearly structured and proven plan. Born out of necessity, the IT Army subsequently evolved into a hybrid construct that is neither civilian nor military, neither public nor private, neither local nor international, and neither lawful nor unlawful. This CSS Cyberdefense Report by Stefan Soesanto provides the first-ever comprehensive analysis of the IT Army’s structure, tasking, and ecosystem.

The Military Academy at ETH Zurich and the Center for Security Studies at ETH Zurich have published the survey «Sicherheit 2022». Since 1999, the annual study has evaluated long-term trends and tendencies in public opinion on foreign, security and defense policy issues in Switzerland. Due to the war in Ukraine, a follow-up survey was carried out this year, which will be published on July 14, 2022.

The war in Ukraine has also fundamentally changed the security order in Europe. What does that mean for Switzerland and its self-image as a neutral country? In the SRF Tagesgespräch, CSS director Andreas Wenger puts the current debate on neutrality into perspective.