Publication

This publication notes that the unhindered access to space is of vital importance to nations and international organizations. Navigation and weather monitoring, communications and financial networks, military and intelligence systems – all of these and more have components in the space domain. But as the use of space is developing, so are cyber threats to space systems by state and non-state actors. As a consequence, innovation in space technologies has increasingly been driven by security and defense needs, with the result that the tasks of securing outer space and cyberspace are converging. In response, governments, industry and other stakeholders should prepare themselves for a new economics of space, with cyber being the driver of change.