Conceptual and Theoretical Approaches to Methodology

Dimensions of Analysis

Various dimensions can be used to help examine a mediation or facilitation effort, for example, if the conflict is highly escalated or not, or if the mediator uses a very direct approach or not. In reality, it is very difficult to fit a specific mediation effort to a specific category. These dimensions, however, can help us organize our intuition and thinking when examining a third-party effort. More on dimensions of analysis

This graph allows for a simple assessment of a mediation effort by positioning it along the spectrum of dimensions. The dotted line represents the facilitation approach used in the Nile Dialogue project (see "Are we Scorpions? The Role of Upstream-Downstream Dialogue in Fostering Cooperation in the Nile Basin," Simon A Mason, International Mountain Society (IMS), May 2005).

Trends of Mediation and Facilitation in the post-Cold War Phase

Besides the conceptual aspects influencing how we approach a mediation effort, there are also trends that affect present day mediations and should be considered when focusing on specific cases. The approach of labeling armed non state actors as "terrorists" for example, has become much more dominant in the post-9/11 context. The increasing standardization of peace processes and the tension between these standards and local norms is another trend influencing most present day peace processes. More on trends of mediation and facilitation

Rationales for Mediation and Facilitation

In this section, some of the basic assumptions and the "logic" behind mediation are explored. One such key rationale, for example, is to differentiate between a person and the person's behavior, thereby allowing for respect for people, even if one is horrified by their behavior. Another key belief shared by many mediators is that process and transformation is possible: People can change their behavior. More on the rationales for mediation and facilitation

Lessons Learned on Determinants of Successful Mediation and Facilitation

Here, some of the experiences on "what works" and "what does not work" are collected. This also partly includes some of the aspects in the previous sections, however, they are more directly drawn from cases studies as well as large empirical studies. One of the key lessons is that mediation works. It increases the likelihood of reaching an agreement and easing tension in the long term. More on lessons learned