Publications

In this publication, Stefan Soesanto analyzes the cyber threat landscape regarding Japan and China, focusing on cyber incidents that spilled over into the political realm or had the potential to do so. More specifically, Soesanto looks at 1) the historical evolution of cybersecurity and defense policies in both countries; 2) relevant cyber incidents in which the countries targeted one another; 3) the various Japanese and Chinese teams connected to these incidents; 4) the social, economic, technical and international effects resulting from the cyber threat landscape, and more.chevron_right

This publication looks at the Israel Defense Forces’ 8200 Unit, a signal intelligence (SIGINT) and decryption unit that has conducted intelligence, offensive and defensive operations across cyberspace. More specifically, the text’s author addresses the unit’s background, operations, organizational structure, internal culture and more. He finds that the unit’s core strengths include its human and financial resources, institutional capabilities, expertise, internal culture, branding, selection process and cooperation with the private sector. However, the unit suffers from various political controversies, bureaucratic encroachment, elitist tendencies, difficulties with former members and increasing political scrutiny.chevron_right

This RAD issue looks at grain exports from Russia. First, Miranda Svanidze, Linde Götz and Florian Schierhorn argue that the mobilization of Russia’s grain export potential requires an improvement in the functioning of the country’s grain market. Second, Maximilian Heigermoser and Linde Götz write that since the turn of the millennium, Russia has become the world’s largest wheat exporter. The authors also suggest it is not yet clear if current trends could result in Russia’s exercise of market power and price distortions on the international wheat market.chevron_right

This issue of the RAD includes two articles on climate change and Russia. Vladimir Otrachshenko and Olga Popova first point out that Russia is a key partner in global efforts on mitigating the adverse impacts of climate change. However, our authors are skeptical whether the Russian population and the Russian economy can adapt to the steadily increasing influence of global warming. In the second article, Marianna Poberezhskaya discusses climate change discourse in Russia, observing that such discourse at the national level has been limited and delayed.chevron_right

This issue of the RAD focuses on Russia-Ukraine relations. First, André Härtel discusses recent developments in the Donbas conflict. He posits that as of yet there is no clear path forward as Ukrainian president Zelensky is still formulating policies, Russia seems to benefit from the status quo, and the West seems more focused on other issues. Second, Julia Kusznir analyzes the progress of the ongoing negotiations for a new gas transit contract between Ukraine and Russia. Different interests, viewpoints and hurdles have so far prevented the signing of a new treaty.chevron_right

Julian Kamasa writes that rapidly increasing mobility, especially with regards to air traffic, poses new challenges for the border agencies in Europe. New technologies may help to manage the movement of people and ensure security. As a Schengen member, Switzerland can benefit from these developments. However, Kamasa notes that a number of adaptations are requiredchevron_right

This report presents insights and analyses on peace processes that involve multiple societal levels or “tracks” ranging from high-level diplomatic negotiations to community-based peacebuilding. More specifically, the authors draw these insights from a retreat with practitioners involved in dialogue, negotiation or mediation initiatives in Colombia, Myanmar, Syria, Ukraine and Zimbabwe, as well as representatives from the Folke Bernadotte Academy, swisspeace, the Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue and the CSS.chevron_right

Lisa Watanabe writes that China’s presence in the Middle East is on the rise, particularly in the framework of its Belt and Road Initiative. As the US draws down its commitments in the region, Europe will need to consider what greater Chinese involvement in the region means for its interests.chevron_right

The edition of the RAD focuses on Russia’s economy. First, Peter Rutland posits that Russia is an ailing petrostate, with the country facing three sources of instability: shifts in international energy markets, climate change and growing domestic tensions. Rutland suggests Russia’s economic circumstances may ultimately lead to a new political model. Secondly, Stephen K. Wegren assesses the effects and consequences of Russia’s food embargo against Western nations, which essentially shut off access to the Russian food market. Wegren particularly focuses on the effects on Russian domestic food producers, food exporters, and consumers.chevron_right

The 2019 edition of the CSS’ annual “Bulletin on Swiss Security Policy” includes chapters on the development of armed forces in small states, Switzerland and NATO, the digital transformation of peace promotion, and the dilemma in dealing with Western foreign fighters detained in Syria and Iraq. The publication also features an interview with Ambassador Pälvi Pulli, head of security policy at the Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sport (DDPS).chevron_right

High-profile events, such as the G20 Summits and the Olympic Games, are increasingly influenced by globalization, geopolitical developments and digitalization. Alice Crelier writes that these elements open the door for the proliferation of nefarious cyber activities. Due to their costs, political implications, reach through media and reputational significance, such events cannot neglect cybersecurity. In response, Crelier here defines an approach to big events and addresses key issues regarding cybersecurity organizational processes and incidents. To do so, she also uses the G20 Leaders’ Summits and recent Olympic Games as case studies.chevron_right

This issue of the CAD discusses the impact of the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) on the South Caucasus. First, Mariam Zabakhidze, Irakli Gabriadze, Rezo Beradze and Giorgi Khishtovani provide a concise overview of how relations between Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and China have advanced against the background of the BRI. Second, Evelina Gambino examines the development of transit infrastructure in Georgia and its relevance to the entire region. Third, Susanne Fehlings focuses on people-to-people contacts between Georgian and Chinese individuals in light of their governments’ BRI cooperation.chevron_right

In this CAD issue, 1) Farid Guliyev discusses how recent developments in global energy markets are likely to have a negative impact on Caspian energy projects; 2) Marco Siddi looks at Iran’s possible contribution to the Trans-Caspian Pipeline (TCP) and the EU’s energy supply in the face of geopolitical challenges such as US foreign policy and sanctions; 3) Tracey German explains Georgia’s role as an energy transit state and energy hub; and 4) Agha Bayramov analyzes trans-Caspian gas deliveries to Europe and the ecological impediments that stand in their way.chevron_right

In this CSS Policy Perspective, Benjamin Scharte argues that critical infrastructures are becoming more complex and interdependent, which in turn is increasing their vulnerability. The resilience of these systems against disruption and failure is thus crucial. According to the Scharte, engineers can help increase critical infrastructure resilience if they acknowledge the complexity and socio-technical nature of such infrastructure. To help bring this about, engineering studies should include technological aspects, but also address findings from the social sciences on topics such as normative issues or proper communication.chevron_right

The supply of essential goods and services in modern societies has become more volatile due to the globalization of the flow of goods. In this article, Andrin Hauri explains how in Switzerland, enterprises and the state cooperate on national economic supply to ensure the provision of vital commodities and services in times of crises. He also outlines that changes are required if this system is to continue function as it should in the future.chevron_right