Publication

In this article the authors explore, to the extent possible from sources in the open literature, the interactions among the DPRK, Iranian, Libyan, and Pakistani nuclear technologies, weapons, and missile programs, and discuss the implications of these interactions for the nuclear nonproliferation regime. In this light, they then consider policy options to address second-tier proliferation, beginning with needed incremental improvements to the current regime, an analysis of the more ambitious proposals made in 2003 and 2004 by US President George W. Bush and by Director General Mohamed ElBaradei of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), as well as further supply-side and demand-side measures.