Publication

The Westphalia Peace (1648) was the first step towards the birth of different nationalities. The French Revolution further strengthened it. The Islamic civilization experienced a state of affairs similar to Westphalia when the Ottoman Empire was defeated and subsequently new nation-states were created. These nation-states became a new target of Western intervention. Such states did not truly represent Islamic civilization due to the fact that they were not connected to it in any form or manner. Under these circumstances, each nation-state was compelled to create its own history. This development violated the integrity of the Islamic civilization, in addition to creating gaps in Arab-Turkish identity.