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The Warsaw Pact (1955–91) is the informal name for the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance, which created the Warsaw Treaty Organization. The treaty was a mutual defense treaty subscribed to by eight communist states in Eastern Europe. It was established at the USSR’s initiative and realized on 14 May 1955, in Warsaw, Poland. The Warsaw Pact was the Soviet Bloc’s military response to West Germany’s May 1955 integration to NATO Pact, per the Paris Pacts of 1954.