Publication

The unilateral imposition of a Canadian visa on Czech nationals in 2009 caused diplomatic turbulence between the Czech and Canadian governments and posed a policy problem for the EU. Should all EU member states impose a reciprocal visa on Canadians or undermine the norm of reciprocity and admit that certain member states and bilateral relations are more important than others? The proposed long-term policy solution is a 'next generation' visa that is capable of targeting individuals rather than entire state populations.