Publication

The brief first establishes the need to shift away from ‘massive punitive retaliation’ in favor of ‘flexible punitive retaliation’ in India’s nuclear doctrine. It does so by discussing three conflict scenarios that highlight the dangers of the former formulation and the advantages of the proposed shift. It concludes that a strategic dialogue with both China and Pakistan is necessary for clarity in communication. This would enhance deterrence and dispel possible misperceptions and apprehensions. This is particularly necessary with respect to Pakistan, given that the state is perpetually poised on ‘failed state’ status with implications for India.