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This paper argues that security sector reform (SSR) and transitional justice processes should complement each other, especially in the case of societies emerging from conflicts or authoritarian rule. Indeed, transitional justice needs SSR to prevent a recurrence of past abuses while SSR can learn from transitional justice’s insistence on addressing legacies of abuse in the security sector. To illustrate this symbiotic relationship at work, the text focuses on the reform processes undergone in Bosnia and Herzegovina after 1995, and in Nepal after 2006.