Publication

This study examines how Russia is reacting to Europe’s attempts to decrease its energy vulnerabilities. In response to 1) recent legislative and institutional initiatives by the EU, and 2) ongoing gas supply diversification efforts, all of which Moscow views as 'hostile', Putin and company are taking a dual approach. The offensive part involves using political and legal measures to undermine Brussels' efforts, while the adaptive part features promises to reduce Gazprom's dominant market position.