Publication

This report looks at the various kinds violence present in Libya since the fall of the Qaddafi regime in 2011, highlighting the critical role played by criminal accumulation, land grabs, and protection rackets in the actions of tribal militias and jihadist groups. The author explains that the cause of the country’s increasing levels of armed violence can be found in the absence of a functional state and the fragmentation of local, tribal, ethnic and ideological forces, which together make the violent acquisition of material resources essential to group survival.