Publication

This paper looks at Russia's interests in the Middle East and examines why it is difficult for Moscow to pursue them. In particular, the author identifies four factors that hinder Russia's influence in the Middle East: 1) the interests Moscow pursues in the region are often in conflict with one another; 2) the environment has become more difficult for Russia since the outbreak of the Arab spring in 2011; 3) the means available to Moscow for pursuing its interests in the region are limited; and 4) the actions of regional actors – including Moscow’s allies – often impede the achievement of Russian aims.