Publication

This paper looks for evidence of information warfare in Russia’s revised military doctrine that was published in December 2014. The author compares this new version with older ones since 2000 and argues that Russia’s information policy, clearer than ever, attempts to: 1) blur the boundaries between internal and external threats; 2) stress the importance of non-military means for putting pressure on potential adversaries; and 3) give armed struggles an ideological character.