Publication

This analysis examines four narratives that help explain China’s worldview and growing assertiveness, particularly in the South China Sea. The narratives include 1) “the century of humiliation”; 2) the belief that cultural characteristics are inherent and unchanging; 3) the perception that history is destiny; and 4) the idea of filial piety and familial obligation, which also extends to China’s neighbors. The analysis further explores how these narratives have shaped China's recent foreign policy behavior and interacted with other policy-shaping factors. Finally, the analysis’ author considers how greater familiarity with the above narratives might improve the West’s responses to Chinese foreign policy.