Publication

This paper argues that the European Union still lacks proper electoral and party systems. In response to these problems, reformers have advocated 1) homogenizing the national electoral systems of the European Parliament; 2) creating a transnational party list; 3) expanding European political foundations, which were initially established in 2007; 3) updating the 2014 statute for European political parties; and 4) designating the Spitzekandidaten by Europarties. These initiatives, although laudatory, aren’t enough. More needs to be done via formal regulations and/or more informal voluntary measures.