Publication

This paper describes how Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) has been a major policy thrust of the democratic governments in South Africa since 1994 in attempting to redress the effects of apartheid. The authors explore the historical precedents to BEE in South Africa, its origins, and its points of contact with the experience of empowerment campaigns in Malaysia. The paper reviews the different steps taken by the South African government in promoting empowerment over the past 12 years, together with some of outcomes to date.