Publication

This paper uses firm-level information in the metals and engineering industries in South Africa to examine the actual nature and extent of Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) across the dimensions of ownership, procurement, employment equity and training. The authors seek to examine the relationships between BEE concepts and provisions and the responses that firms implement in practice. The paper explains that direct pressure for BEE in metals and engineering firms arises from legislation and regulatory provisions governing employment equity, skills development and procurement.