Publication

Europe must seize the opportunity provided by a local shift in the military balance to develop a more coherent and unified position on the Libyan conflict. In this CSS Policy Perspective, Lisa Watanabe argues that failure to do so could leave it sidelined by Turkey and Russia. Furthermore, Germany, France, and Italy should create a new format – a so-​called ‘Etroika’ – to advance a more unified European position on Libya, as well as a more robust EU contribution to the implementation of the Berlin Process. The Etroika should use its influence with the local conflict parties, Turkey, and Russia to lay the foundations for both a permanent ceasefire and an EU contribution to a UN-​led ceasefire monitoring mission in Libya.