Publication

A large percentage of the Afghan fighters that participated in the 2001 US-led intervention in Afghanistan were returning exiles. Yet, as this brief discusses, prior to the assault there was no debate on the potential problems of staking an intervention, and subsequently a new regime, on militant groups that were returning from abroad. In fleshing out this tale, the brief also casts light on the groups of exiled fighters who were part of the 2001 intervention.