Publication

This paper examines the impacts of EU climate policy proposals on the competitiveness of European economies and specific sectors. Based on statistical models, the authors conclude that the effects of EU climate policies on competitiveness are relatively small; that the losses of the energy intensive industries are compensated by gains in other manufacturing sectors; and that there is no uniform effect across the member-states of the EU. They also conclude that the changes in competitiveness are strongly influenced by the choice of the particular policy design.