Publication

This article elaborates the distinction between formal and substantive democracy. It first discusses the spread of formal democracy and argues that this has to be understood primarily as a process of global integration. To enhance possibilities for substantive democracy the author argues for an emphasis on dialogue and communication. She suggests that global civil society is the mechanism for deepening substantive democracy. In the last section, she discusses the need for a global framework for democracy and some of the steps that could be taken to advance substantive democracy at different levels.