Publication

This paper examines the experiences of persecuted activists and others who’ve had to leave Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Russia, Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan but continue to be harassed by their country's security services. The legal and illegal means used against the exiles include Interpol Red Notices; formal extradition procedures; surveillance, harassment, and physical attacks; kidnapping and even assassinations. What makes the harassment problem even worse is 1) the regional-level cooperation and collusion of the above security services, and 2) Western behavior that have exacerbated the problem.