Publication
Nov 2000
This study explores the role of grassroots actors in the social development of Middle Eastern societies. It discusses the influences of urban mass protests, organized labor, community activism, political Islam and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The author concludes that the Middle East experience evidences that 'pressure from below' is highly relevant to social development.
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English (PDF, 47 pages, 842 KB) |
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Author | Asef Bayat |
Series | UNRISD Publications |
Issue | 3 |
Publisher | United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) |
Copyright | © 2000 United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) |