Publication

Following the end of the Cold War and the 9/11 attacks, terrorism has become the foremost concern of Western intelligence agencies. Efforts are being made to enhance resources and legal powers for information collection, and data sharing has increased. However, implementation of these measures faces continuing hurdles. Furthermore, intelligence agencies are confronting new challenges from state actors, which contravene ongoing trends in intelligence adaptation. Horizon scanning for new threats is therefore required, in order to avoid strategic surprise.