Publication

This study investigates the mode of domination in three different parts of the Philippines. The author develops a model of oligarchy-based Mafia-style domination that integrates the core dimensions of patronage, corruption, illegal business and violence and exemplifies the corresponding social practice in the three regions. He argues that as long as the electorate continues to re-elect proponents of the status quo and accepts governance through clientelist exchange relationships, the fundamental characteristics of domination will remain in place, even though a focus on rule of law, including a strengthening of the state security forces and judiciary may lead to a reduction of the criminal dimension.