Publication

This report examines how differentiated integration affects the EU’s external relations and discusses the implications of this state of affairs for the EU’s aspirations to forge more unitary and effective external policies. To this end, the contributing writers to this report examine the different features of differentiated integration that exist in various contemporary fields of the EU’s external relations, security policy, enlargement policy, development policy, and border management. They also analyze whether the level of differentiation is increasing and, if so, what is driving this development.