Publication

This paper examines the way in which the EU imposes sanctions and how this system has developed. The authors argue that the EU has significantly increased its use of sanctions since the early 1990s, but that this growth has not been accompanied by thorough per-assessments and contingency planning, leading to suboptimal sanction regimes. To overcome this problem, they identify a set of key elements that the EU should address in the pre-assessment and contingency-planning phase prior to establishing sanctions.