Publication

This paper discusses the lack of monitoring of the EU Joint Action end-user certificates on small arms and light weapons. According to the author, this would be problematic if the ultimate end-user is a government that is engaged in gross violations of human rights, supports terrorism or has policies inimical to the interests of EU member states. As this may take place within the EU, the author suggests that one means by which companies could evade controls is through the licensing of production rights to companies located outside the EU.