Publication

This paper examines the external energy policy of the EU. It makes four arguments. First, the EU's stated approach to energy security can be described as revolving around the concept of a market-governance nexus. Second, European governments and EU institutions espouse this approach while harboring concerns that in practice a more geopolitical approach is required. Third, such concern is amplified by the resistance to the EU's market-governance model on the part of key energy producer states. Fourth, the EU remains insufficiently engaged with the political issues that impinge upon energy interests in producer states.