Publication

This case study explores the phenomenon of violent non-state actors (VNSAs) and identifies the various sub-types and distinctive characteristics of each type. The report outlines the factors, developments and trends that have contributed to their emergence and addresses how the concept of the nation-state is being eroded by the fact that states no longer hold an absolute monopoly on the use of force within their sovereign territory. Additional consideration is also given to the potential implications of VNSAs providing alternative governance, as well as goods and services that the state is unable or unwilling to offer and provide.