Publication

This paper examines the growth and changing composition of manufactured exports in Indonesia and Thailand. The authors describe the rapid growth of computer and electric machinery, the slower growth of non-electric and transportation machinery, and the low growth of previously large exports of textiles apparel. They highlight that low protection facilitated rapid growth among multinational enterprises (MNEs) in the electrical, office, and computer manufacturing industries. The paper also demonstrates that high protection incentives reduced exports in the transportation and machinery industry.