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States often struggle to develop a military cyber-force, as the time and resources required for an effective capability are much greater than often appreciated, argues Max Smeets in this CSS Policy Perspectives.

The IT Army of Ukraine was stood up in an ad-hoc manner without a clearly structured and proven plan. Born out of necessity, the IT Army subsequently evolved into a hybrid construct that is neither civilian nor military, neither public nor private, neither local nor international, and neither lawful nor unlawful. This CSS Cyberdefense Report by Stefan Soesanto provides the first-ever comprehensive analysis of the IT Army’s structure, tasking, and ecosystem.

The Military Academy at ETH Zurich and the Center for Security Studies at ETH Zurich have published the survey «Sicherheit 2022». Since 1999, the annual study has evaluated long-term trends and tendencies in public opinion on foreign, security and defense policy issues in Switzerland. Due to the war in Ukraine, a follow-up survey was carried out this year, which will be published on July 14, 2022.

The war in Ukraine has also fundamentally changed the security order in Europe. What does that mean for Switzerland and its self-image as a neutral country? In the SRF Tagesgespräch, CSS director Andreas Wenger puts the current debate on neutrality into perspective.

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Russia’s war in Ukraine, conducted behind the shield of nuclear deterrence and the threat of escalation, has increased the salience of nuclear weapons worldwide. It endangers the multilateral norms and processes in place to prevent nuclear proliferation and complicates any near-term prospects for disarmament, argues Névine Schepers in this CSS Policy Perspective.

Russia cannot be integrated into a cooperative security system in Europe in the foreseeable future. The West must support Ukraine and contain Russia's military might. But Russia remains important for the stability of Europe. The question is what role the country should play in a future post-war order, explains Jeronim Perović in this CSS Policy Perspective.

The Russian invasion of Ukraine revitalized NATO and marked the return of US leadership in the alliance. However, the coming months may prove more difficult for NATO to navigate due to a series of dilemmas that could endanger its cohesion, argue Dominika Kunertova and Niklas Masuhr in this CSS Policy Perspective.

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine requires NATO to eliminate doubt about its ability and resolve to defend its eastern territory by outweighing its current personnel and equipment understrength. Sweden and Finland’s likely accessions add to this effort. NATO’s adaptation will depend on a bigger European responsibility and renewed public discussions about the importance of security and defense, argues Henrik Larsen in this CSS Analysis.

New Delhi’s refusal to condemn Russia’s war in Ukraine complicates its foreign policy maneuvering. How India positions itself in an increasingly polarized competition for global dominance will become more important. It will continue to leverage conflicting partnerships to secure its own rise, argues Boas Lieberherr in this CSS Analysis.