Series

The Center for Global Development (CGD) is an independent, not-for-profit think tank that works to reduce global poverty and inequality by encouraging policy change in the US and other rich countries through rigorous research and active engagement with the policy community. The CGD Working Papers contain research on topics that are related to these goals.

Publishers:	Center for Global Development (CGD)
Publications:	Manufacturing or Services? An Indian Illustration of a Development Dilemma The Health Consequences of Aerial Spraying of Illicit Crops: The Case of Colombia How the New International Goal for Child Mortality is Unfair to Africa (Again) Call Me Educated: Evidence from a Mobile Monitoring Experiment in Niger Can a Poverty-Reducing and Progressive Tax and Transfer System Hurt the Poor? The Financial Secrecy Index: Shedding New Light on the Geography of Secrecy New Estimates of Global Poverty and Inequality: How Much Difference Do Price Data Really Make? Guarantees, Subsidies, or Paying for Success? The World Bank: Why it is Still Needed and Why it Still Disappoints The Meaning of Failed Replications: A Review and Proposal Do Mobile Phone Surveys Work in Poor Countries? Trade, Migration, and the Place Premium: Mexico and the United States Value Subtraction in Public Sector Production Two Global Challenges, One Solution To Charge or Not to Charge: Evidence from a Health Products Experiment in Uganda Why Maintaining Tropical Forests Is Essential and Urgent for a Stable Climate Costing a Data Revolution How Much Will Health Coverage Cost? Future Health Spending Scenarios in Brazil, Chile, and Mexico Who Pollutes? A Household-Level Database of America’s Greenhouse Gas Footprint Ecosystem Services from Tropical Forests: Review of Current Science Trading Forests: Quantifying the Contribution of Global Commodity Markets to Emissions from Tropical Deforestation The Value of Forest Ecosystem Services to Developing Economies The State of REDD+ Finance Self-Selection into Credit Markets Who Runs the International System? How Has the Developing World Changed since the Late 1990s? The Anatomy of Program-for-Results The Political Economy of Bad Data: Evidence from African Survey & Administrative Statistics How Should Donors Respond to Resource Windfalls in Poor Countries? Peer Review of Social Science Research in Global Health Skill Development and Regional Mobility: Lessons from the Australia-Pacific Technical College The Price of Empowerment: Experimental Evidence on Land Titling in Tanzania Learning without Teachers? A Randomized Experiment of a Mobile Phone-Based Adult Education Program in Los Angeles Understanding Latin America's Financial Inclusion Gap Why Don’t Remittances Appear to Affect Growth? Migration and Development Research Is Moving Far beyond Remittances On the Distributed Costs of Drug-Related Homicides A Case against Taxes and Quotas on High-Skill Emigration We Just Ran Twenty-Three Million Queries of the World Bank’s Web Site What Drives Deforestation and What Stops It? Comparing the Incidence of Taxes and Social Spending in Brazil and the United States Does Development Reduce Migration? The Health Financing Transition: A Conceptual Framework and Empirical Evidence Development as Diffusion: Manufacturing Productivity and Sub-Saharan Africa’s Missing Middle Scarcity without Leviathan: The Violent Effects of Cocaine Supply Shortages in the Mexican Drug War From Maize to Haze: Agricultural Shocks and the Growth of the Mexican Drug Sector Migration as a Strategy for Household Finance Stunted Growth: Why Don’t African Firms Create More Jobs? Rethinking the Financial Design of the World Bank The Median Is the Message Estimating Illicit Flows of Capital via Trade Mispricing Primary Schooling, Student Learning, and School Quality in Rural Bangladesh Is Anyone Listening? Does US Foreign Assistance Target People’s Top Priorities? Supplementing REDD+ with Biodiversity Payments Savings by and for the Poor The Rebirth of Education Can Results-Based Payments Reduce Corruption? Social Capital and Disaster Recovery: Evidence from Sichuan Earthquake in 2008 Is it all About the Tails? The Palma Measure of Income Inequality The New Transparency in Development Economics: Lessons from the Millennium Villages Controversy The Geography of Inequality Planning for Large-Scale Wind and Solar Power in South Africa Estimating Income/Expenditure Differences Across Populations Promoting Millennium Development Ideals The Strugglers Context Matters for Size When Is Prevention More Profitable than Cure? The Impact of Time-Varying Consumer Heterogeneity The Case for Direct Transfers of Resource Revenues in Africa Mixed Method Evaluation of a Passive mHealth Sexual Information Texting Service in Uganda Long-Run Price Elasticities of Demand for Credit Win Some Lose Some? Evidence from a Randomized Microcredit Program Placement Experiment by Compartamos Banco First Steps Toward a Quality of Climate Finance Scorecard (Quoda-CF) Global Markets, Global Citizens, and Global Governance in the 21st Century Is Information Power? Using Mobile Phones and Free Newspapers During an Election in Mozambique The Future of Global Poverty in a Multi-Speed World The Effect of Foreign Labor on Native Employment Does Poor Mean Cheap? A Comparative Look at Africa’s Industrial Labor Costs Split Decisions: Family Finance When a Policy Discontinuity Allocates Overseas Work China’s Development Finance to Africa It‘s all About MeE Cash or Coupons? Testing the Impacts of Cash versus Vouchers in the Democratic Republic of Congo Scaling up What Works Macroprudential Regulations in Andean Countries Macroprudential Regulations in Central America Forest Conservation Performance Rating (fCPR) Report 2 Nowhere Left to Hide? Identification for Development: The Biometrics Revolution What is Governance? Europe Beyond Aid: Assessing Europe’s Commitment to Development Hoping to Win, Expected to Lose: Theory and Lessons on Microenterprise Development Agricultural Decisions after Relaxing Credit and Risk Constraints The Impact of Taxes and Social Spending on Inequality and Poverty in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Mexico, and Peru The Buoyant Billions: How “Middle Class” Are the New Middle Classes in Developing Countries? (And Why Does It Matter?) Migration and Disaster-Induced Displacement: European Policy, Practice, and Perspective Declining Inequality in Latin America in the 2000s Direct Distribution of Oil Revenues in Venezuela Where Will the World’s Poor Live? CARMA Revisited: An Updated Database of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Power Plants Worldwide A Note on the Middle Class in Latin America Renewable Resource Shocks and Conflict in India’s Maoist Belt Energy+ Country Performance Ratings, 2001–2010 No Longer Poor: Ghana’s New Income Status and Implications of Graduation from IDA Escaping Capability Traps Through Problem-Driven Iterative Adaptation (PDIA) State Health Insurance and Outof- Pocket Health Expenditures in Andhra Pradesh, India MDGs 2.0: What Goals, Targets, and Timeframe? Capital Requirements under Basel III in Latin America Adolescent Fertility in Low and Middle-Income Countries: Effects and Solutions FCPR—Forest Conservation Performance Rating for the Pan-Tropics The Negative Consequences of Overambitious Curricula in Developing Countries How Can Bill and Melinda Gates Increase Other People’s Donations to Fund Public Goods? Value for Money in Malaria Programming How Much Does Natural Resource Extraction Really Diminish National Wealth? Credit at Times of Stress: Latin American Lessons from the Global Financial Crisis Innovative Financing in Early Recovery: The Liberia Health Sector Pool Fund An Index of the Quality of Official Development Assistance in Health Is There Such a Thing As Middle Class Values? Remittances and Rashomon What’s Wrong with Dodd-Frank 1502? Cash on Delivery Aid for Health Forest Clearing in the Pantropics From REDD to Green Direct Redistribution, Taxation, and Accountability in Oil-Rich Economies Economic Dynamics and Forest Clearing The High Return to Private Schooling in a Low-Income Country More Money or More Development: What Have the MDGs Achieved? A China Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations Quid Pro Quo: Builders, Politicians, and Election Finance in India Economic Shocks and Conflict: The (Absence of?) Evidence from Commodity Prices Publishing Construction Contracts as a Tool for Efficiency and Good Governance Dial “A” for Agriculture Why Did Abolishing Fees Not Increase Public School Enrollment in Kenya? Global Health and the New Bottom Billion Global Health and the New Bottom Billion Zap It to Me Unity in Diversity: A Global Consensus on Choosing the IMF's Managing Director Iraq’s Last Window: Diffusing the Risks of a Petro-State The Commander's Emergency Response Program in Afghanistan Economics and Emigration: Trillion-Dollar Bills on the Sidewalk? Scholars Who Became Practitioners Multidimensional Indices of Achievements and Poverty Oil for Uganda – or Ugandans? Constraints to Domestic Enterprise Financing in Post-Conflict Liberia Fair Shares: Crediting Poor Countries for Carbon Mitigation The Health Systems Funding Platform Globalization, Wages, and Working Conditions Better Factories Cambodia Migration as a Tool for Disaster Recovery Cash at Your Fingertips New SME Financial Access Initiatives The Best Things in Life are (Nearly) Free The Future of Development Finance Toward Results-Based Social Policy Design and Implementation Find Me the Money: Financing Climate and Other Global Public Goods TrAid+ IDA at 65: Heading Toward Retirement or a Fragile Lease on Life? A Green Venture Fund to Finance Clean Technology for Developing Countries Failed States, Vicious Cycles, and a Proposal West African Experience with the World Rice Crisis, 2007–2008 Getting Real on Trade with Pakistan Quantifying Vulnerability to Climate Change Antiretroviral Therapy Awareness and Risky Sexual Behaviors Oil to Cash: Fighting the Resource Curse Through Cash Transfers Learning About Schools in Development Global Prospects for Utility-Scale Solar Power Capability Traps? Sudan Debt Dynamics Confronting the American Divide on Carbon Emissions Regulation Brave New World Giving Money Away? China in Africa The Economics of Population Policy for Carbon Emissions Reduction in Developing Countries Where Have All the Donors Gone? How Can Donors Create Incentives for Results and Flexibility for Fragile States? Can Donors Be Flexible within Restrictive Budget Systems? Options for Innovative Financing Mechanisms When Does Rigorous Impact Evaluation Make a Difference? Aid for Trade: Supporting Trade Preference Reform ABC, 123: The Impact of a Mobile Phone Literacy Program on Educational Outcomes Who Are the MDG Trailblazers? How Should Oil Exporters Spend Their Rents? Beyond Population Concentrating Solar Power in China and India The End of ODA (II) Bridging the Gap: Improving Clinical Development and the Regulatory Pathways for Health Products for Neglected Diseases Inside the World Bank's Black Box Allocation System Pulling Agricultural Innovation and the Market Together Leveraging World Bank Resources for the Poorest The Roots of Global Wage Gaps Mobile Phones and Economic Development in Africa Declining Inequality in Latin America The Washington Consensus: Assessing a Damaged Brand How to Pay "Cash-on-Delivery" for HIV Infections Averted Financing Food Assistance Are Borders Barriers? The (Indispensable) Middle Class in Developing Countries; or, The Rich and the Rest, Not the Poor and the Rest The Costs and Benefits of Duty-Free, Quota-Free Market Access for Poor Countries: Who and What Matters The US Aid “Surge” to Pakistan: Repeating a Failed Experiment? Less Smoke, More Mirrors: Where India Really Stands on Solar Power and Other Renewables Bases, Bullets, and Ballots Financial Integration and Foreign Banks in Latin America The International Financial Crisis: Eight Lessons for and from Latin America From Predation to Production Post-Conflict The Economics of Adaptation to Extreme Weather Events in Developing Countries Peace-Building Without External Assistance A Labor Mobility Agenda for Development It’s One Climate Policy World Out There— Almost Aid, Dutch Disease, and Manufacturing Growth Development Assistance, Institution Building, and Social Cohesion After Civil War Will World Bank and IMF Lending Lead to HIPC IV? FORMA: Forest Monitoring for Action Is Newer Better? Penn World Table Revisions and Their Impact on Growth Estimates Moving Mugabe’s Mountain Reconciling Climate Change and Trade Policy Can Global De-Carbonization Inhibit Developing Country Industrialization? Energy Needs and Efficiency, Not Emissions Saving Ghana from Its Oil Beyond Planning: Markets and Networks for Better Aid Countering Drug Resistance in the Developing World Climate Change and the Future Impacts of Storm-Surge Disasters in Developing Countries Learning to Share: Explaining the Conditions under Which States Delegate Governance Skill Flow: A Fundamental Reconsideration of Skilled-Worker Mobility and Development Making Markets for Merit Goods The Illusion of Equality High Stakes in a Complex Game Criss-Crossing Globalization To Formalize or Not to Formalize? The Impact of Microcredit on the Poor in Bangladesh Opening Markets for Poor Countries Open Markets for Poor Countries The Microeconomic Determinants of Emigration and Return Migration of the Best and Brightest Rice Price Formation in the Short Run and the Long Run Blunt Instruments: On Establishing the Causes of Economic Growth Heckle and Chide: Results of a Randomized Road Safety Intervention in Kenya What Is Poverty Reduction? The End of ODA: Death and Rebirth of a Global Public Policy Civil War Schooling Inequality, Crises, and Financial Liberalization in Latin America Coping with Rising Food Prices Rice Crisis Forensics Supermarkets, Modern Supply Chains, and the Changing Food Policy Agenda AIDS Treatment in South Asia A Fresh Look at Global Governance: Exploring Objective Criteria for Representation Do Regulatory Reforms Stimulate Investment and Growth? Pricing and Access: Lessons from Randomized Evaluations in Education and Health Rainfall Shocks, Markets, and Food Crises: Evidence from the Sahel Desert Power: The Economics of Solar Thermal Electricity for Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East Thought for Food Does Digital Divide or Provide? Multilateralism beyond Doha Skilled Emigration and Skill Creation Biofuels and the Food Price Crisis The Structural Transformation as a Pathway out of Poverty Why Warner-Lieberman Failed and How to Get America's Working Families behind the Next Cap-and-Trade Bill The Place Premium: Wage Differences for Identical Workers Across the US Border Measuring Progress with Tests of Learning: Pros and Cons for "Cash on Delivery Aid" in Education Intellectual Property and Public Health: An Overview of the Debate with a Focus on US Policy Calculating CARMA: Global Estimation of CO2 Emissions from the Power Sector Prevention Failure Estimating Fully Observed Recursive Mixed-Process Models with 'cmp' Income per Natural How Soon Can Donors Exit From Post-Conflict States? Crossroads at Mmamabula: Will the World Bank Choose the Clean Energy Path? Beyond the ABCs From Violence to Voting Through the Looking Glass and what OLS Found There Putting the Power of Transparency in Context Macro Aid Effectiveness Research Another Inconvenient Truth Reviving Economic Growth in Liberia Moving Toward a Consensus on Climate Policy The Pentagon and Global Development Reflections on the Macro Foundations of the Middle Class in the Developing World Generation of Political Priority for Global Health Initiatives How do the BRICs Stack up? How Does Influence-Peddling Impact Industrial Competition? Aiding Transparency A Short Note on the Theme of Too Many Instruments The Provision of Banking Services in Latin America: Obstacles and Recommendations It’s One World Out There: The Global Consensus on Selecting the World Bank’s Next President Incentivos Basados en el Desempeno para la Salud Performance-Based Incentives for Health: A Way to Improve Tuberculosis Detection and Treatment Completion? Performance-Based Incentives for Health: Six Years of Results from Supply-Side Programs in Haiti Performance-Based Incentives for Health: Demand- and Supply-Side Incentives in the Nicaraguan Red de Protección Social Cost-Effective Prevention of Diarrheal Diseases: A Critical Review What Have IMF Programs with Low-Income Countries Assumed about Aid Flows? Performance-Based Incentives for Health: Conditional Cash Transfer Programs in Latin America and the Caribbean Pathways out of Poverty during an Economic Crisis: An Empirical Assessment of Rural Indonesia Do Visas Kill? Health Effects of African Health Professional Emigration Do No Harm: Aid, Weak Institutions, and the Missing Middle in Africa Why Doesn’t Africa Get More Equity Investment? Frontier Stock Markets, Firm Size and Asset Allocations of Global Emerging Market Funds New Data on African Health Professionals Abroad Observing Unobservables: Identifying Information Asymmetries with a Consumer Credit Field Experiment AIDS Treatment and Intrahousehold Resource Allocations: Children’s Nutrition and Schooling in Kenya Why Are There So Few Black-Owned Firms in Africa? Expanding Credit Access: Using Randomized Supply Decisions To Estimate the Impacts Female Empowerment: Impact of a Commitment Savings Product in the Philippines Group Versus Individual Liability: A Field Experiment in the Philippines Credit Elasticities in Less-Developed Economies: Implications for Microfinance How to Do xtabond2: An Introduction to “Difference” and “System” GMM in Stata Payments for Progress: A Hands-Off Approach to Foreign Aid Teaching Entrepreneurship: Impact of Business Training on Microfinance Clients and Institutions Microfinance as Business An Index of Donor Performance Artificial States Beyond the IMF Advance Market Commitments for Vaccines Against Neglected Diseases: Estimating Costs and Effectiveness A Millennium Learning Goal: Measuring Real Progress in Education Fragile States and US Foreign Assistance: Show Me the Money Social Cohesion, Institutions, and Growth Development, Democracy, and Mass Killings A Primer on Foreign Aid A Policymakers’ Guide to Dutch Disease Are the Planned Increases in Aid Too Much of a Good Thing? Competitive Proliferation of Aid Projects: A Model Will Debt Relief Make a Difference? Impact and Expectations of the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative Privatization - A Summary Assessment The US External Deficit and Developing Countries The Economics of Young Democracies: Policies and Performance Back to the Future for African Infrastructure? Why State-Ownership Is No More Promising the Second Time Around The Role of the IMF in Well-Performing Low-Income Countries Stormy Days on an Open Field: Asymmetries in the Global Economy How Multinational Investors Evade Developed Country Laws Tax Policies to Promote Private Charitable Giving in DAC Countries The Costs and Benefits of Front-Loading and Predictability of Immunization Governance and Corruption in Public Health Care Systems A Stability and Social Investment Facility for High-Debt Countries Does the Private Sector Care About AIDS? Evidence from Investment Climate Surveys in East Africa Aid Project Proliferation and Absorptive Capacity An Aid-Institutions Paradox? A Review Essay on Aid Dependency and State Building in Sub-Saharan Africa Weak States and Global Threats: Assessing Evidence of “Spillovers” The Day After Comrade Bob: Applying Post-Conflict Recovery Lessons to Zimbabwe Seven Deadly Sins: Reflections on Donor Failings After the Big Push? Fiscal and Institutional Implications of Large Aid Increases Reforming Development Assistance: Lessons from the UK Experience Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration Ghost of 0.7%: Origins and Relevance of the International Aid Target Production-Weighted Estimates of Aggregate Protection in Rich Countries toward Developing Countries Reliving the ‘50s: the Big Push, Poverty Traps, and Takeoffs in Economic Development The Dollar and Development Agriculture and Pro-Poor Growth: An Asian Perspective The Global War on Terror and U.S. Development Assistance: USAID Allocation by Country, 1998-2005 Patents, Price Controls and Access to New Drugs: How Policy Affects Global Market Entry Ten Myths of the International Finance Facility Financial Regulations in Developing Countries: Can they Effectively Limit the Impact of Capital Account Volatility? Addressing the Challenge of HIV/AIDS: Macroeconomic, Fiscal and Institutional Issues Autonomous Recovery and International Intervention in Comparative Perspective Business Environment and Comparative Advantage in Africa: Evidence from the Investment Climate Data Primary Health Care in Practice: Is It Effective? The Economic Implications of Epidemics Old and New From Pushing Reforms to Pulling Reforms: The Role of Challenge Programs in Foreign Aid Policy Behavioral Foundations of Democracy and Development Food Security and Economic Growth: An Asian Perspective Underfunded Regionalism in the Developing World Food Security in Indonesia: Current Challenges and the Long-Run Outlook Counting Chickens When They Hatch: The Short Term Effect of Aid on Growth Agricultural Protection in Rich Countries: How Did We Get There? Beyond HIPC: Secure Sustainable Debt Relief for Poor Countries Double-Standards, Debt Treatment, and World Bank Country Classification: The Case of Nigeria The Anarchy of Numbers: Aid, Development, and Cross-Country Empirics Towards a New Consensus for Addressing the Global Challenge of the Lack of Education An Index of Donor Performance Is Africa’s Skepticism of Foreign Capital Justified? Evidence from East African Firm Survey Data The Trouble with the MDGs: Confronting Expectations of Aid and Development Success Aid Effectiveness and the Millennium Development Goals The Road to Pro-Poor Growth: The Indonesian Experience in Regional Perspective The Long Walk to School: International Education Goals in Historical Perspective Boom Towns and Ghost Countries: Geography, Agglomeration, and Population Mobility The Illusion of Sustainability Once more into the Breach: Economic Growth and Global Integration Who Is not Poor? Proposing A Higher International Standard for Poverty Privatization in Latin America Financing Pharmaceutical Innovation: How Much Should Poor Countries Contribute? The Surprise Party: An Analysis of US ODA Flows to Africa New Data, New Doubts: A Comment on Burnside and Dollar’s “Aid, Policies, and Growth” National Policies and Economic Growth: A Reappra Economic Policy and Wage Differentials in Latin America Privatization in Africa: What has happened? What is to be done? Bootstraps Not Band-Aids: Poverty, Equity and Social Policy in Latin America The Millennium Challenge Account: How Much Is Too Much, How Long Is Long Enough? Why It Matters Who Runs the IMF and the World Bank From Social Policy to an Open-Economy Social Contract in Latin America World Bank Capital Neither Complements nor Substitutes for Private Capital Do Rich Countries Invest Less in Poor Countries than the Poor Countries Themselves? Private Sector Involvement in Financial Crisis Resolution: Definition, Measurement, and Implementation Policy Selectivity Forgone: Debt and Donor Behavior in Africa Do as I Say not as I Do: A Critique of G-7 Proposals on Reforming the MDBs Tropics, Germs, and Crops: How Endowments Influence Economic Development An Index of Industrial Country Trade Policy toward Developing Countries Low Investment is not the Constraint on African Development Asymmetric Globalization: Global Markets Require Good Global Politics What Did Structural Adjustment Adjust? The Association of Policies and Growth with Repeated IMF and World Bank Adjustment Loans An Identity Crises? Testing IMF Financial Programming Solutions when the Solution is the Problem: Arraying the Disarray in Development Financial Crises and Poverty in Emerging Market Economies Inequality Does Cause Underdevelopment: New Evidence from Commodity Endowments, Middle Class Share, and other Determinants of per Capita Income Commodity Dependence, Trade, and Growth: When “Openness” is Not Enough Winners and Losers: Assessing the Distributional Impact of Privatization Intellectual Property and the Availability of Pharmaceuticals in Poor Countries The Cartel of Good Intentions: Bureaucracy Versus Markets in Foreign Aid External Advisors & Privatization in Transition Economies AIDS and the Accumulation and Utilization of Human Capital in Africa

Publishers:

Center for Global Development (CGD)

Publications: